A real-time operating system (RTOS) is designed to manage hardware resources and run applications that require immediate processing and response. Unlike traditional operating systems, which prioritize overall efficiency, an RTOS ensures that critical tasks are completed within strict time constraints, making it essential for applications like embedded systems, robotics, and automotive control systems. RTOSs are characterized by their ability to handle multiple tasks simultaneously while maintaining predictable timing. They often use scheduling algorithms to prioritize tasks based on urgency, ensuring that high-priority operations receive the necessary resources. This reliability is crucial in environments where delays can lead to failures or safety hazards.