A real-time operating system (RTOS) is designed to manage hardware resources and execute tasks within a strict time frame. Unlike general-purpose operating systems, which prioritize overall efficiency, an RTOS ensures that critical tasks are completed on time, making it essential for applications like embedded systems, robotics, and telecommunications. RTOSs are commonly used in devices that require immediate processing, such as medical equipment, automotive systems, and industrial automation. They provide features like task scheduling, interrupt handling, and resource management, enabling developers to create reliable and responsive applications that meet specific timing requirements.