Operating systems (OS) are essential software that manage computer hardware and software resources, providing a stable environment for applications to run. They act as intermediaries between users and the computer hardware, enabling users to interact with the system through a user interface. Common examples include Windows, macOS, and Linux. An operating system performs various critical functions, such as managing files, controlling peripheral devices, and ensuring security. It also handles multitasking, allowing multiple applications to run simultaneously. Understanding operating systems is fundamental for anyone interested in technology and computing.