The term "pre-Islamic" refers to the period in Arabian history before the advent of Islam in the 7th century CE. This era is characterized by a rich tapestry of tribal societies, oral poetry, and various religious beliefs, including polytheism. The Arabian Peninsula was home to numerous tribes, each with its own customs and traditions, often centered around trade and nomadic lifestyles. During the pre-Islamic period, the city of Mecca emerged as a significant trade hub, housing the Kaaba, a sacred site for various tribes. The social structure was largely tribal, with loyalty to one's clan being paramount. This period laid the groundwork for the profound changes that would come with the rise of Muhammad and the spread of Islam.