Pramana refers to the means or sources of knowledge in Indian philosophy. It is a critical concept in various schools of thought, particularly in Nyaya and Vedanta. Pramana helps determine what is valid knowledge and how we can acquire it through different methods, such as perception, inference, and testimony. There are several types of pramanas, each serving a unique purpose. For instance, pratyaksha (perception) involves direct sensory experience, while anumana (inference) relies on logical reasoning. Understanding pramana is essential for exploring philosophical arguments and establishing the basis for knowledge in Indian traditions.