Nyaya is an ancient Indian philosophy that focuses on logic and reasoning. It is one of the six orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy and emphasizes the importance of valid inference and debate. The primary goal of Nyaya is to attain knowledge and truth through systematic analysis and critical thinking. The foundational text of Nyaya is the Nyaya Sutras, written by Gautama around the 2nd century BCE. This philosophy outlines various methods of argumentation and establishes criteria for what constitutes valid knowledge. By promoting rational discourse, Nyaya aims to help individuals discern truth from falsehood in various aspects of life.