The pilum was a type of throwing spear used by the ancient Roman army. It typically featured a long wooden shaft and a metal tip, designed to be thrown at enemy formations to disrupt their ranks. The pilum was effective in both offensive and defensive situations, as it could penetrate shields and armor. After being thrown, the pilum often bent upon impact, making it difficult for enemies to throw it back. This design ensured that Roman soldiers, known as legionaries, maintained a tactical advantage in battle. The pilum was a key component of Roman military strategy during the Republic and early Empire periods.