Photonic circuits are systems that use light instead of electricity to transmit and process information. They are made up of various components, such as waveguides and optical switches, which manipulate light signals. This technology can lead to faster data transmission and lower energy consumption compared to traditional electronic circuits. These circuits are essential for advancing technologies like fiber optic communication and quantum computing. By harnessing the properties of light, photonic circuits can improve performance in areas such as telecommunications and data centers, making them a promising area of research and development in modern electronics.