Quantum dots are tiny semiconductor particles, typically just a few nanometers in size, that have unique optical and electronic properties. These properties arise because their small size allows them to confine electrons in three dimensions, leading to quantized energy levels. As a result, quantum dots can emit specific colors of light when excited, making them useful in applications like LEDs and solar cells. In addition to their use in lighting and energy, quantum dots are also being explored in the field of medicine. They can be used as fluorescent markers for imaging cells and tissues, helping researchers track biological processes. Their versatility and efficiency make quantum dots a promising area of study in various scientific fields.