phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate
Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) is a lipid molecule that plays a crucial role in cellular signaling. It is produced from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) by the action of the enzyme phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PIP3 serves as a docking site for proteins with specific domains, facilitating various cellular processes such as growth, survival, and metabolism.
PIP3 is particularly important in the insulin signaling pathway and the regulation of cell proliferation. Its levels are tightly controlled by the balance between synthesis by PI3K and degradation by phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Dysregulation of PIP3 signaling can contribute to diseases, including cancer and diabetes.