Petroloji, or petrology, is the scientific study of rocks and the processes that form them. It focuses on understanding the composition, texture, and structure of various types of rocks, including igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Petroloji helps geologists learn about the Earth's history and the conditions that led to the formation of different rock types. In petroloji, researchers often analyze rock samples to identify minerals and their relationships. This field is essential for various applications, including mineral exploration, oil and gas extraction, and understanding natural hazards. By studying rocks, scientists can gain insights into geological processes and the Earth's evolution over time.