An episiotomy is a surgical procedure performed during childbirth to make an incision in the perineum, the area between the vagina and the anus. This procedure is typically done to enlarge the vaginal opening, allowing for easier delivery of the baby, especially in cases of fetal distress or when the baby is in a difficult position. The incision is usually made with a scalpel and can be either midline, extending toward the anus, or mediolateral, angled away from the anus. After delivery, the incision is stitched up, and healing usually occurs within a few weeks. While episiotomies were once common, their use has decreased as many healthcare providers now prefer to allow natural tearing, which often heals better.