Optimization problems involve finding the best solution from a set of possible choices, often under specific constraints. These problems can be found in various fields, such as mathematics, computer science, and engineering. The goal is to maximize or minimize a particular objective, like cost, time, or resource usage. Common examples of optimization problems include linear programming, where relationships are represented by linear equations, and traveling salesman problems, which seek the shortest route visiting a set of locations. Solving these problems often requires algorithms and computational techniques to efficiently explore the solution space.