Integer Programming is a mathematical optimization technique where the solution variables are required to be whole numbers, or integers. This approach is particularly useful in scenarios where decisions are discrete, such as assigning tasks, scheduling, or resource allocation. By formulating problems in this way, businesses can find the best possible outcomes while adhering to specific constraints. In Integer Programming, the goal is to maximize or minimize a particular objective, like profit or cost, while satisfying certain conditions. Common applications include logistics, finance, and manufacturing, where decisions often involve yes/no choices or whole units of products. This method helps organizations make efficient and effective decisions.