Optical switching is a technology that uses light instead of electricity to route data in communication networks. This method allows for faster data transmission and reduces energy consumption, as light can travel through fiber optic cables with minimal loss. Optical switches can direct signals from one path to another without converting them into electrical signals, making them efficient for high-speed data transfer. In optical switching, devices like optical routers and optical cross-connects play a crucial role. These devices manage the flow of light signals, enabling dynamic adjustments to network traffic. As demand for bandwidth increases, optical switching is becoming essential for modern telecommunications infrastructure.