Switching techniques refer to methods used in telecommunications and computer networks to manage data traffic efficiently. These techniques determine how data packets are directed through a network, ensuring that information reaches its destination quickly and reliably. Common switching methods include circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching, each with its own advantages and use cases. In circuit switching, a dedicated communication path is established for the duration of a call, making it ideal for voice communication. In contrast, packet switching breaks data into smaller packets that are sent independently, allowing for more efficient use of network resources. Message switching involves storing messages at intermediate nodes until they can be forwarded, which can introduce delays but is useful for certain applications.