Optical routers are devices that manage data traffic in optical networks by directing light signals instead of electrical signals. They use advanced technology to process and route data at high speeds, making them essential for modern telecommunications. This allows for faster internet connections and improved performance in data centers and long-distance communication. These routers work by utilizing components like fiber optics and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to transmit multiple signals simultaneously over a single fiber. By efficiently managing bandwidth and reducing latency, optical routers play a crucial role in enhancing the overall capacity and reliability of internet and telecommunication networks.