Neurotransmission is the process by which nerve cells, or neurons, communicate with each other. When a neuron receives a signal, it generates an electrical impulse that travels down its axon. This impulse triggers the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters from the neuron’s terminal into the synaptic cleft, the small gap between neurons. Once released, neurotransmitters bind to specific receptors on the surface of the neighboring neuron, leading to either excitation or inhibition of that neuron. This process is essential for various functions in the body, including muscle movement, mood regulation, and cognitive processes like learning and memory.