Natural dyes are colorants derived from plants, minerals, and insects. They have been used for thousands of years to color fabrics, food, and other materials. Common sources include indigo from the indigo plant, madder root for red hues, and cochineal insects for vibrant reds. These dyes are often more environmentally friendly than synthetic alternatives. The process of creating natural dyes involves extracting color from the source material, usually through boiling or soaking. The resulting dye can then be applied to textiles, often requiring a mordant, such as alum, to help the color bond to the fabric. Natural dyes are valued for their unique shades and eco-friendly properties.