Modern history refers to the period from the late 15th century to the present day, characterized by significant social, political, and technological changes. This era includes events such as the Renaissance, the Industrial Revolution, and the rise of democracy and nationalism. It has seen the emergence of powerful nations and the impact of colonialism on global relations. Key developments in modern history include the two World Wars, the Cold War, and the advancement of civil rights movements. The invention of the internet and rapid technological progress have transformed communication and society. Overall, modern history shapes our current world and influences future directions.