Modern botany is the scientific study of plants, including their structure, growth, reproduction, and interactions with the environment. It encompasses various subfields such as plant physiology, plant ecology, and plant taxonomy, which help scientists understand how plants function and evolve. Advances in technology, like genetic sequencing and microscopy, have greatly enhanced research capabilities in this field. Researchers in modern botany also focus on the practical applications of plant science, such as improving crop yields and developing sustainable agricultural practices. This includes studying plant diseases and pest management to ensure food security and environmental health. Overall, modern botany plays a crucial role in addressing global challenges related to food production and biodiversity conservation.