Mineral identification is the process of determining the specific type of mineral based on its physical and chemical properties. Key characteristics used in this process include color, hardness, luster, streak, and cleavage. Geologists and mineralogists often use tools like a hand lens or a hardness scale to assist in identifying minerals accurately. To identify a mineral, one typically starts by observing its appearance and conducting simple tests. For example, the Mohs hardness scale helps determine a mineral's hardness by comparing it to ten reference minerals. This systematic approach allows scientists to classify minerals and understand their roles in the Earth's geology.