Rock identification is the process of determining the type of rock based on its physical and chemical properties. Rocks are classified into three main categories: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Each type has distinct characteristics, such as texture, color, and mineral composition, which help in their identification. To identify a rock, geologists often examine its appearance, feel, and structure. Tools like hand lenses and streak plates can assist in observing details like grain size and hardness. Understanding the rock cycle and the formation processes of each rock type is also essential for accurate identification.