Mid-ocean ridges are underwater mountain ranges formed by tectonic plate movements. They occur where oceanic plates diverge, allowing magma from the Earth's mantle to rise and create new oceanic crust. This process is known as seafloor spreading and contributes to the formation of new ocean floor. These ridges are characterized by volcanic activity and hydrothermal vents, which support unique ecosystems. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is one of the most well-known examples, stretching through the Atlantic Ocean. Mid-ocean ridges play a crucial role in the Earth's geology and help scientists understand plate tectonics and the formation of ocean basins.