Microsatellites, also known as simple sequence repeats (SSRs), are short, repetitive sequences of DNA found throughout the genomes of many organisms. They typically consist of 1 to 6 base pairs that repeat multiple times in a row. These sequences are highly variable among individuals, making them useful for genetic studies, population genetics, and forensic analysis. Due to their high mutation rates, microsatellites can provide valuable information about genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships. Researchers often use them as markers in genetic mapping and breeding programs to track inheritance patterns and identify desirable traits in plants and animals.