Breeding programs are organized efforts to produce specific traits in plants or animals through controlled mating. These programs aim to enhance desirable characteristics, such as disease resistance in crops or improved growth rates in livestock. By selecting parent organisms with preferred traits, breeders can increase the likelihood of passing those traits to the next generation. In agriculture, breeding programs can lead to higher yields and better quality produce, benefiting both farmers and consumers. In conservation, they help maintain genetic diversity and protect endangered species, such as the California condor or Arabian oryx, by carefully managing breeding to ensure healthy populations.