Medieval politics was characterized by a feudal system, where land was owned by nobles who granted portions to vassals in exchange for military service and loyalty. This hierarchy created a network of obligations and allegiances, with the king at the top, followed by lords, knights, and serfs. Power was decentralized, leading to local governance and varying degrees of authority across regions. The Church also played a significant role in medieval politics, influencing rulers and common people alike. Popes held considerable power, often mediating disputes between monarchs and asserting authority over spiritual matters. This intertwining of religious and political power shaped the governance of medieval societies.