The Maya civilization was an ancient culture that thrived in parts of present-day Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras. Known for their advanced knowledge in mathematics, astronomy, and writing, the Mayas developed a complex calendar system and hieroglyphic script. They built impressive cities with large pyramids, temples, and palaces, showcasing their architectural skills. The Mayas were also skilled farmers, cultivating crops like maize, beans, and squash. Their society was organized into city-states, each ruled by a king. The civilization experienced a decline around the 9th century, but many descendants still live in the region today, preserving aspects of their rich heritage.