Mainland China refers to the large landmass of the People's Republic of China, excluding its special administrative regions like Hong Kong and Macau. It is the world's most populous country, with over 1.4 billion residents, and covers a vast area of approximately 9.6 million square kilometers. The capital city is Beijing, and the country has a diverse landscape that includes mountains, rivers, and plains. The economy of mainland China is one of the largest in the world, driven by manufacturing, technology, and agriculture. Major cities include Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen, which are known for their rapid urbanization and economic development. Mainland China plays a significant role in global trade and politics.