Magnesium sulfate pentahydrate is a chemical compound with the formula MgSO₄·5H₂O. It consists of magnesium, sulfur, and oxygen, combined with five water molecules. This compound appears as a white crystalline solid and is commonly known as Epsom salt. It is often used in agriculture, medicine, and various industrial applications. In agriculture, magnesium sulfate pentahydrate serves as a nutrient for plants, helping to improve growth and yield. In medicine, it can be used as a laxative or to treat conditions like preeclampsia in pregnant women. Its versatility makes it an important compound in multiple fields.