MgSO₄·5H₂O, commonly known as magnesium sulfate pentahydrate, is a chemical compound composed of magnesium, sulfur, and oxygen, along with five water molecules. It appears as a white crystalline solid and is often used in various applications, including agriculture, medicine, and industry. In agriculture, it serves as a nutrient for plants, while in medicine, it can be used as a laxative or to treat certain medical conditions. This compound is soluble in water, which allows it to easily dissolve and release magnesium and sulfate ions. The presence of water molecules in its structure makes it a hydrate, which is important for its stability and effectiveness in different uses. Magnesium sulfate is also found in nature, often in mineral form as epsomite.