Macular edema is a condition characterized by the swelling of the macula, a small area in the center of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. This swelling occurs when fluid builds up in the macula, often due to leakage from damaged blood vessels. It can lead to blurred or distorted vision, making it difficult to see fine details. The condition is commonly associated with diabetes, particularly diabetic retinopathy, but can also result from other factors such as age-related macular degeneration or inflammatory eye diseases. Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent vision loss and manage symptoms effectively.