mTOR, or mechanistic target of rapamycin, is a protein kinase that plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism. It acts as a central hub for integrating signals from nutrients, growth factors, and cellular energy levels, helping cells respond appropriately to their environment. This protein is part of two distinct complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, each with different functions. mTORC1 primarily regulates protein synthesis and cell growth, while mTORC2 is involved in controlling cell survival and metabolism. Dysregulation of mTOR signaling is linked to various diseases, including cancer and metabolic disorders.