S6K1, or S6 Kinase 1, is a protein kinase that plays a crucial role in cellular processes such as growth, proliferation, and metabolism. It is activated by the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) signaling pathway, which responds to nutrients and growth factors. S6K1 helps regulate protein synthesis by phosphorylating specific substrates, including the ribosomal protein S6. Dysregulation of S6K1 has been linked to various diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Its activity can influence cell survival and growth, making it a potential target for therapeutic interventions. Understanding S6K1's functions can provide insights into how cells respond to their environment and maintain homeostasis.