Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a process that strengthens the connections between neurons in the brain, enhancing communication. It occurs when a specific pattern of stimulation is applied to a synapse, leading to an increase in the synaptic strength. This mechanism is crucial for learning and memory, as it helps encode information. During LTP, neurotransmitters like glutamate bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, resulting in a series of biochemical changes. These changes can lead to an increase in the number of receptors or the release of more neurotransmitters, making it easier for neurons to communicate in the future.