Synaptic plasticity is the ability of synapses, the connections between neurons, to strengthen or weaken over time in response to increases or decreases in their activity. This process is essential for learning and memory, as it allows the brain to adapt and reorganize itself based on experiences. There are two main types of synaptic plasticity: long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). LTP enhances synaptic strength, making it easier for neurons to communicate, while LTD reduces synaptic strength, which can help in forgetting unimportant information. Together, these mechanisms play a crucial role in how we learn and remember.