Kidney diseases refer to a range of conditions that affect the function of the kidneys, which are vital organs responsible for filtering waste and excess fluids from the blood. Common types include chronic kidney disease (CKD), where the kidneys gradually lose function over time, and acute kidney injury (AKI), which occurs suddenly due to various factors like dehydration or medication. Symptoms of kidney diseases can include fatigue, swelling in the legs, and changes in urination. Early detection is crucial, as untreated kidney issues can lead to serious complications, including kidney failure, which may require dialysis or a kidney transplant to manage.