Kidney disease refers to a range of conditions that affect the kidneys, which are vital organs responsible for filtering waste and excess fluids from the blood. When the kidneys are damaged, they may not function properly, leading to a buildup of harmful substances in the body. This can result in symptoms like fatigue, swelling, and changes in urination. There are different types of kidney disease, including chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury. Factors such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain medications can increase the risk of developing these conditions. Early detection and treatment are crucial to managing kidney health and preventing further complications.