kermes dye is a natural red dye derived from the dried bodies of female scale insects known as Kermes vermilio. These insects are primarily found on oak trees in the Mediterranean region. The dye has been used for centuries in textiles, art, and cosmetics, prized for its vibrant color and lightfastness. Historically, kermes dye was a significant trade commodity, especially during the Middle Ages. It was often used to color fabrics for royalty and the wealthy, making it a symbol of status. Today, it is less commonly used but remains of interest for those studying natural dyes and historical textile practices.