Kermes vermilio is a type of scale insect belonging to the family Kermesidae. It is known for producing a bright red dye, historically used in textiles and art. This insect primarily feeds on the sap of oak trees, particularly the Quercus species, and is found in various regions, including parts of Europe and the Mediterranean. The dye extracted from Kermes vermilio was highly valued in ancient times, often referred to as "kermes" dye. It was used to color fabrics and was a significant trade item. Today, it is less commonly used due to the availability of synthetic dyes, but it remains an important part of historical dyeing practices.