Ion exchange resins are specialized materials used to remove unwanted ions from solutions, typically in water treatment processes. They consist of small beads made from organic polymers that can attract and hold specific ions, allowing for the exchange of these ions with others in the solution. This process is essential for softening water and purifying chemicals. These resins come in two main types: cation exchange resins, which replace positive ions like calcium and magnesium, and anion exchange resins, which target negative ions such as chloride and sulfate. Ion exchange resins are widely used in industries, laboratories, and even in household water filters.