Ion exchange is a chemical process where ions in a solution are swapped for ions of a similar charge from a solid material, typically a resin. This process is commonly used in water purification, where unwanted ions, such as calcium and magnesium, are replaced with sodium ions. The result is softened water, which is less likely to form scale in pipes and appliances. In addition to water treatment, ion exchange is also utilized in various industries, including pharmaceuticals and food processing. It helps in separating and purifying specific compounds, enhancing product quality and safety. Overall, ion exchange is a versatile technique with numerous applications.