The intervertebral foramina are small openings located between adjacent vertebrae in the spine. These foramina allow spinal nerves and blood vessels to exit the spinal canal and reach various parts of the body. Each foramen is formed by the notches on the upper and lower surfaces of two adjacent vertebrae. These openings play a crucial role in the nervous system, as they provide a pathway for the spinal nerves to branch out and innervate muscles and skin. Any narrowing or blockage of the intervertebral foramina, often due to conditions like herniated discs or spinal stenosis, can lead to pain or neurological issues.