Interstate conflicts refer to disputes or hostilities that occur between two or more countries. These conflicts can arise from various issues, including territorial disputes, resource competition, or political disagreements. They often involve military actions, diplomatic tensions, and can lead to significant humanitarian crises. Such conflicts can be influenced by historical grievances, economic interests, or ideological differences. Examples include the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan or the Israel-Palestine conflict. Resolving interstate conflicts typically requires negotiation, mediation, or intervention by international organizations like the United Nations.