"Independence in fact" refers to a situation where an individual or entity operates without external influence or control. This concept is often applied in contexts such as governance, where a nation functions autonomously, or in business, where a company makes decisions free from outside pressures. In legal terms, "independence in fact" is crucial for ensuring impartiality, especially in judicial systems. For example, a judge must be able to make rulings based solely on the law and evidence, without being swayed by personal relationships or external factors, thereby maintaining the integrity of the justice system.