The history of science traces the development of human understanding of the natural world, beginning with early civilizations that used observation and experimentation. Ancient cultures, such as the Mesopotamians and Egyptians, made significant contributions in fields like astronomy and medicine, laying the groundwork for future discoveries. During the Renaissance, a renewed interest in classical knowledge led to advancements in various scientific disciplines. Figures like Galileo and Newton revolutionized our understanding of physics and mathematics, while the Scientific Revolution established the importance of empirical evidence and the scientific method, shaping modern science as we know it today.