Grade 12 is the final year of secondary education in many countries, typically for students aged 17 to 18. It is often a crucial year for preparing for higher education or entering the workforce. Students usually take a mix of required and elective courses, which may include subjects like mathematics, science, literature, and history. In grade 12, students often participate in standardized tests, such as the SAT or ACT in the United States, to assess their readiness for college. Additionally, many students begin the college application process, which includes writing essays and gathering letters of recommendation from teachers.