Global models are comprehensive frameworks used to simulate and understand complex systems on a worldwide scale. These models integrate data from various sources to predict outcomes in areas such as climate change, economics, and public health. By analyzing interactions between different components, global models help researchers and policymakers make informed decisions. One common type of global model is the Earth System Model, which simulates interactions between the atmosphere, oceans, land, and ice. These models are essential for studying the impacts of human activities on the climate and for developing strategies to mitigate adverse effects.