Geostatistics is a branch of statistics that focuses on analyzing and interpreting spatial or geographical data. It uses mathematical models to understand the relationships between different locations and to predict values at unmeasured points. This is particularly useful in fields like mining, environmental science, and agriculture, where understanding spatial patterns is crucial. One of the key techniques in geostatistics is kriging, which provides optimal estimates of unknown values based on known data points. By considering both the distance and the degree of variation between data points, geostatistics helps in making informed decisions about resource management and environmental monitoring.