Geological specimens are natural materials collected from the Earth that help scientists study its history and processes. These specimens can include rocks, minerals, fossils, and soil samples. Each specimen provides valuable information about the Earth's formation, the environment in which it was created, and the life forms that existed at that time. Researchers often analyze geological specimens to understand various phenomena, such as plate tectonics, volcanic activity, and climate change. By examining these materials, scientists can reconstruct past environments and predict future geological events, contributing to fields like paleontology and geology.